Morality via Kant and Hegel - 1712 Words

1. Introduction Human beings have moral inclinations that affect our actions. Few would deny as a fact of human life a perpe-tual strive to do right and good concordant with one’s particular moral beliefs (while concomitantly judging others by them). For most, this strive is accompanied by a questioning of the very nature of the moral: Is there an impartial criterion that enables us to know objectively what one ought to do, or do our moral intuitions rest solely on subjective, arbitrary grounds? With the lure of divine command theory fading from the Enlightenment and onwards, modern moral philosophy can be seen as an attempt to uncover either the criterion or its nonexistence. An endeavor in which few can be said to have been as†¦show more content†¦The disjunction between Kant and Hegel, between the ‘universalistic’ and ‘communitarian’ conceptions of morality that they respectively gave rise to, has been ever present in moral philosophy for the last two cen tu-ries (Finlayson, Article 2005, 1). A communitarian critique that largely mirrors Hegel’s critique of Kant, for example, confronts Rawlsian liberalism qua its neo-Kantian foundation. With his Discourse Ethics, Jà ¼rgen Habermas has made one of the most thorough attempts at dissolving this disjunction by occupying a position between Kant and Hegel. While recognizable as a fundamentally Kantian moral theory, Discourse Ethics weak-ens Kant’s conception of the moral standpoint, as Habermas reneges on Kant’s metaphysical presuppositions and relies instead on an analysis of the transcendental pragmatics of communication. Indeed, Habermas ac-knowledges that Discourse Ethics follows Hegel’s criticism of Kant on several points (Habermas 1990, 201). Notably, he follows Hegel in insisting that morality is an intersubjective matter, while also affording the good a greater role than Kant did, albeit one still secondary to that of the right. Nevertheless, as Discour se Ethics shares the deontological, cognitivist, formalist, and universalist nature of the CategoricalShow MoreRelated marxism Essay3150 Words   |  13 PagesMarxism as being three types of theory in one: philosophy, history, and economics. First, Marxism is a philosophical movement; Marxs ideas about human nature, and about how we know and function in the world come from traditions articulated by Hegel, Feuerbach, Kant, and other German philosophers. All of these guys, including Marx, are interested in the relation between materialist and idealist philosophy. As a philosopher, Marx helps create and define a branch of philosophy called DIALECTICAL MATERIALISMRead MoreBranches of Philosophy8343 Words   |  34 Pagesnormative ethics, and applied ethics. Meta-ethics concerns the nature of ethical thought, comparison of various ethical systems, whether there are absolute ethical truths, and how such truths could be known. Ethics is also associated with the idea of morality. Platos e arly dialogues include a search for definitions of virtue. †¢ Political philosophy is the study of government and the relationship of individuals and communities to the state. It includes questions about justice, the good, law, propertyRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesTwo sorts of information become of high importance at this level. The first is information from the external environment. This includes information about customers and competitors that comes via marketing and sales; it includes information about suppliers to the organization of goods and services that comes via the production department. The second information flow Example: keeping the information flowing Imagine an organization that has been going through major change in structure, culture and

Jamie Kennedy s Case Analysis - 1434 Words

Jamie Kennedy Case Study Analysis Issue Sustainability champion Jamie Kennedy, owner of Jamie Kennedy Kitchens (JKK), desires to widen his impact to society in a way that is purposeful and meaningful and that deeply aligns with his values. JKK is looking to reconcile it’s passions with an economically beneficial scaling strategy. Industry Conditions Trends Noted as the fastest growing trends by the National Restaurant Association in 2016, locally sourcing ingredients and environmental sustainability are ubiquitous notions within the restaurant industry today (see Exhibit 1). This rising threat of new entrants, coupled with low switching costs for consumers demands restaurants provide highly differentiated services that†¦show more content†¦Collaborators JKK fostered relationships with several organizations such as Stratford Chefs School, Anishnawbe Health Toronto, and St. Francis Table to help grow their impact. The market for collaboration on sustainability is full of possibilities, with companies will to help each other reach a common goal. Companies such as the Calgary based LEAF work to help restaurants become more environmentally efficient (SOURCE). Consumers JKK squarely aligns with a high yield market segment capitalizing on the Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability (LOHAS) focusing on environmental sustainability and consumers who value ‘green’ trends in business (SOURCE). With the number of eco-friendly restaurants continuously expanding, the bargaining power of the consumer is gaining strength. However, despite this growth in power, when considering products that are environmentally sustainable focused, 3 out of 4 consumers are willing to pay more (SOURCE). This allows JKK to choose organic sourcing alternatives, which may be more expensive but still maintain profitable margins. Brand Transparency and providing education about your serviceShow MoreRelatedMarketing and E-commerce Business65852 Words   |  264 PagesListing of Chapter Opening Cases, Insight Cases, E-commerce in Action Cases, and Case Studies CHAPTER 1 THE REVOLUTION IS JUST BEGINNING Opening Case: Pinterest: A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words Insight on Technology: Will Apps Make the Web Irrelevant? Insight on Business: Start-Up Boot Camp Insight on Society: Facebook and the Age of Privacy Case Study: The Pirate Bay: Searching for a Safe Haven CHAPTER 2 E-COMMERCE BUSINESS MODELS AND CONCEPTS Opening Case: Twitter’s Business Model Read MoreImpact of Emerging Markets on Marketing15122 Words   |  61 Pagesbetween urban and rural households. This suggests that affordability and accessibility may be more important for differential advantage than a superior but expensive product or service with limited access. In short, it is less of a case of demand generation and more a case of demand fulfillment. Sociopolitical Governance Emerging markets tend to have enormous influence of sociopolitical institutions. These include religion, government, business groups, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and localRead MoreInside the Meltdown49737 Words   |  199 PagesFDIC [Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.], established 75 years ago in the Great Depression. ... How does it feel being head of FDIC during another grand crisis? It s a very important place to be right now. We re getting a lot of media attention, and I think that s positive because I think the FDIC is all about public confidence. That s how we maintain the stability with people having confidence in our brand and our insurance guarantee, and I think we ve done that fairly successfully. We have seen

Selecting Teaching As A Career Education Essay Free Essays

string(112) " deficit by the twelvemonth 2010, when the bulk of today ‘s veteran instructors will make retirement age\." This paper tries to bring out the long and short term determiners of choosing learning as a calling As an single thought of prosecuting instruction as a new calling pick, it ‘s of import for me to understand why so many have chosen this profession when the entreaty for learning seems to be worsening. To assist me looked at taking learning as a calling I interviewed 30 current instructors and 4 current pupils to acquire their positions of learning as a calling pick. A sum of 34 persons were asked Why did they pick learning as their pick of calling. We will write a custom essay sample on Selecting Teaching As A Career Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The survey concludes that the cardinal determiners of an person ‘s likeliness to learn are their household background, the factors they valued in a occupation and their perceptual experiences of instruction. This paper presents the study findings on pupil instructors ‘ scope of grounds for taking instruction as a calling and discusses those differences between cohorts of different programmes.The overall intent of this survey is to bring out the long and short term factors that motivate people to travel into learning and more specifically simple school instruction as a calling. As we all know instruction as a womb-to-tomb procedure that must hold a nisus force behind it. Teaching is a manner of determining the immature heads of today for tomorrow. It ‘s a ambitious undertaking but there are some who chose to do that challenge a calling. Obvious grounds why many make this calling chose includes: summers off, national vacations off, and 2 hebdomads off during Christmas and New Year season. Those inducements of holding yearss away seems honoring but could you be happy as instructor – because you would carry through nil. Some consequences of surveies agree that the motives for prosecuting a calling in learning scope from selfless to extrinsic ( Kreci A ; Grmek, 2005 ; Stuart, 2000 ; Yong, 1995 ) . Furthermore, those who are committed to learning are more likely to be motivated by intrinsic wagess. On the contrary, those who have ne’er earnestly considered instruction are more likely to be motivated by extrinsic wagess. The overall intent of the survey is to bring out the long and short term determiners or factors that motivate people to travel into learning and more specifically simple school instruction as a calling. Negative perceptual experiences of material benefits such as instructors ‘ wage and professional position are non likely to set off those who are committed to learning, but they are possible hindrances to those who have no disposition to learn ( See, 2004 ) . What motivates single to travel into instruction is really important. Motivation is a critical force that drives one ‘s behavior toward originating and transporting out the undertakings ( Recto, 2005 ) that go with the teacher instruction plan. Thus, understanding the grounds why people enter the instruction profession and what makes them remain or go forth is indispensable, peculiarly, if success in keeping a stable instruction force ( Soh, 1998 ) that contributes to teacher instruction quality and excellence is most coveted. Such understanding can expectedly bring forth valuable penetrations into contextual, behavioural, and structural dimensions of learning. The contextual dimension refers to the instructor instru ction environment and surroundings. The behavioural dimension consists of the motives and attitudinal temperaments of pupils and other stakeholders in respects to teacher instruction. The structural dimension refers to policy mechanism and options, both at the macro and micro degrees, which govern the overall operation of instructor instruction establishments in the state. A questionnaire based upon grounds collected via preliminary focal point group and e-mail interviews from tonss of co-workers in Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc. Founded by seven school instructors in 1922 and today with over 80,000 members worldwide approximently 78 % of the rank are in learning. My paper will besides place the cardinal societal and economic determiners of whether to be a instructor or non. So I poised the inquiry am in instruction because, ‘ I know merely what i want to state ‘ , Is have n’t considered learning like this before. where do i get down? most of all the hereafter ( intending the kid of today because I was one in that clip ) motivates me to learn and the chances and restraints under which I learn or learned and other learn. there is more but because Is have to lesson program for tomorrow categories. thanks i will acquire to you for moreDo the childs and yourself a favour and acquire a different jobWhen I was immature, I ever knew that I wanted to go a teacher someday. When I played, I would frequently garner my dolls together and feign to learn them how to make math jobs or how to read a book. As I grew older, my desire to go an ESL instructor became clearer as I did some voluntary learning abroad and in the United States. As I look back on my grounds for going a instructor, there are three grounds that stand out. They are: my love for the English linguistic communication, my unconditioned involvement in how people learn, and my desire to assist other people. Burnout is experienced by 1000s of instructors across America each twelvemonth. It is characterized by a loss of energy, enthusiasm for the occupation and a feeling of weakness to alter the state of affairs. It causes high turnover rates and may present a menace to the educational system. Estimates indicate that up to 50 per centum of all new instructors leave the instruction profession within 5 old ages. For some this is simply a personal penchant, but for many it is straight related to teacher burnout. Young instructors enter the educational field with a desire to do a difference in the lives of kids, but shortly discover the tremendous load of run intoing province and federal authorizations is about impossible to accomplish with the limited resources available to the instructor and pupils. Effectss American schools are expected to see a terrible instructor deficit by the twelvemonth 2010, when the bulk of today ‘s veteran instructors will make retirement age. You read "Selecting Teaching As A Career Education Essay" in category "Essay examples" These instructors have stuck to the their committedness to learning despite the of all time increasing demands and outlooks of instructors. Without younger instructors who are willing and able to battle instructor burnout the state will confront a disruptive period of instructor turnover and kids will endure from the combination of inexperient instructors and instructors who are actively seeking a alteration in calling as a consequence of the rapid burnout rate. Types Teacher burnout consequences from a broad assortment of grounds. The work of a instructor seldom stops at the terminal of the twenty-four hours. The outlook to take place work and to pass eventides and weekends rectifying and measuring pupil work, fixing lessons, and gathering resources for the schoolroom takes its toll. The deficiency of resources and fiscal support provided to schools frequently consequences in a deficiency of schoolroom stuff, unequal text editions and by and large inferior working conditions. State and federal authorizations for pupil accomplishment and strict province proving require an progressively broad comprehensiveness and deepness of cognition across capable countries. Administrators, frequently sing burnout themselves, struggle to run into the altering demands of instructors and are limited by resources and fundss. Misconceptions The general public frequently is non cognizant of the tremendous force per unit area a instructor experiences and is speedy to knock occupation public presentation based of a impression of what it thinks instructors should make. There is a perceptual experience that instructors enjoy an easy life with multiple holidaies and a short work twenty-four hours. In many countries, instructors are perceived as over paid. A deficiency of regard permeates the community as it fails to react to the demand of instructors. Many mistakenly assume that instructor burnout is caused by a deficiency of subject in the schoolroom and fail to acknowledge that the bulk of instructors who suffer from burnout would name pupils as the last point on a list of lending factors. Prevention/Solution Attempts towards bar of instructor burnout need to concentrate on supplying the fiscal resources to schools and supply equal support for new instructors. Supplying aid in big schoolrooms and entree to a broad scope of intercession techniques, and the resources to implement them, will make shared duty for pupil accomplishment and relieve the force per unit area and isolation instructors experience. Increased public consciousness of the troubles instructors face, solid parental engagement plans, and a lessening in immaterial responsibilities like coach and recess responsibilities will liberate instructors to concentrate their clip and energy on their primary end: instruction. Supplying clip for teacher coaction and planning within the construction of the school twenty-four hours will let instructors to work together to be after and implement the best possible plan for kids. Determinants of learning as a calling Beng Huat See1 University of York, electronic mail: Sg25 @ york.ac.uk Paper presented at the British Educational Research Association Annual Conference, University of Manchester, 16-18 September 2004 Abstraction This paper tries to bring out the long and short term determiners of choosing learning as a calling. A questionnaire based upon grounds collected via preliminary focal point group and e-mail interviews was employed to place the cardinal societal and economic determiners of the person ‘s pick whether to be a instructor or non. A sum of 1,845 pupils and trainees from four third establishments in South-west England and Wales were involved. The survey differs from much research in this country by including an expressed comparing between pupils meaning to be instructors and those meaning to prosecute other callings. Logistic arrested development analysis was used to analyze the information collected. The survey concludes that the cardinal determiners of an person ‘s likeliness to learn are their household background, the factors they valued in a occupation and their perceptual experiences of learning. Financial inducements, although effectual in acquiring those already interes ted in learning to take up preparation, are limited in their impact. Those who are committed to learning are more likely to be motivated by intrinsic wagess. Those who have ne’er earnestly considered instruction, on the other manus, are more likely to be motivated by extrinsic wagess, and to describe a negative experience of school. Negative perceptual experience of instructors ‘ wage and their occupation position are non likely to set off those who are committed to learning but is a possible hindrance to those who have no disposition to learn. Fiscal inducements to develop hold small influence on those already committed to other callings. In the long tally policies could see the personal features of persons. For illustration, promotion runs to enroll new instructors could foreground the extrinsic values of learning. Presently they constantly highlight merely the intrinsic entreaty of the occupation. To be maximally effectual such runs should besides foreground those factors which people really consider of import in their calling pick. This survey reminds us that simply presenting fiscal inducements to enroll instructors is non plenty. Individual determinations to learn depend, to a big extent, on the values attached to a occupation and perceptual experiences of instruction. Introduction The purpose of this paper is to place of import determiners of going a instructor. It examines the influence of demographic background, the values people attached to a occupation and their perceptual experiences of learning on their calling pick. Of involvement is the impact of fiscal inducements for initial instructor preparation enlisting on people ‘s pick of learning as a calling. The survey involved undergraduates, both teacher trainees and others, and graduate students, both teacher trainees and those on other professional preparation paths, in South-west England and Wales. Many current policies to increase teacher supply have assumed that teacher Numberss can be increased by pecuniary inducements, such as better wage and other fiscal inducements to recruitment. While these may be effectual in the short term, there is grounds that every bit many as 40 % who enter developing do non go on to learning anyhow ( STRB, 1999 ) . Furthermore, these steps are mostly based on a ‘universal ‘ human capital theory of motive, which does non adequately explicate the under-representation of work forces and people from certain societal category and cultural groups in learning. Evidence from old surveies suggests that peoples ‘ pick of calling is, to a big extent, influenced by their socio-economic and cultural background and by a comparatively lasting position of what is ‘appropriate ‘ for them ( Gorard and Rees, 2002 ) . These societal determiners differ from economic and practical factors in being longer term and, hence, less conformable to a short-run proficient hole. They have so far non been explored in old surveies on instructor deficits. For these grounds, this survey examines the influence of social-economic background, as determined by parents ‘ businesss and educational makings, sex, ethnicity and type of school attended, each of which might be regarded as formative of their values and norms. Geographical mobility and whether persons had close household members and friends who are/were instructors were besides considered, as was the extent to which current fiscal incentives in instructor preparation had an impact on instructor trainees ‘ determination to travel into instruction. Besides these societal determiners, an person ‘s determination to travel into learning or non is besides believed to be influenced by what they value in a occupation and their perceptual experiences of instruction ( Kyriacou et al. , 2002 ) . If we are able to place those factors which persons consider of import in their pick of calling, and highlight the factors in learning which lucifer these, so we might trust to carry better qualified pupils to see learning. As Johnson and Birkeland ( 2003 ) noted, it is indispensable to understand people ‘s concerns and responses, otherwise policymakers and practicians will go on to present what they believe to be promising enlisting and keeping schemes with no existent consequence. To pull and retain new instructors, a comprehensive scheme that addresses the full scope of new instructors ‘ concerns is required. In this manner, under-represented groups such as work forces, cultural minority groups and those in shortage topics can be efficaciously targeted. This involves a consideration of the calling picks made by prospective and possible instructors, every bit good as by those who have rejected the possibility of learning. The positions of the latter are cardinal in moving as a restorative to the bulk of relevant research in this country based merely on consideration of instructors and possible instructors – for illustration, Reid and Caudwell ( 1997 ) , Bloomfield and Selinger ( 1994 ) , Fraser et Al. ( 1998 ) , Smithers ( 1990 ) , Lock ( 1993 ) , Newson ( 1993 ) and Heafford and Jennison ( 1998 ) . More recent surveies on instructor supply by Robinson and Smithers ( 1998 ) and Howson ( 1999 ) were concerned with pupil instructors ‘ grounds for non taking up learning stations. These surveies focused on the motives of those who had antecedently made the determination to go school instructors. Few surveies have investigated persons ‘ grounds for non taking learning as a calling in the first topographic point. Even fewer surveies looked into barriers to come ining instruction ( e.g. Wellington, 1982 ; Smithers and Hill, 1989 ; Finch, 1986 ) . The positions of undergraduates who have yet to take up teacher preparation and who might be attracted by the inducements are normally non sought in UK educational research. This could easy give a really deceptive feeling about why persons do non go instructors. In general, the bulk of the educational engagement literature is based, for really matter-of-fact grounds, on surveies of bing participants, frequently in the same establishment as the research worker. This can give deceptive consequences about the causes of non-participation ( Gorard and Rees 2002 ) . Non-participants in any educational enterprise are, ironically, besides routinely excluded from research about their non-participation. Method The survey involved 1,845 undergraduate and graduate student pupils in four establishments in South Wales and South West England. Four chief topic groups ( humanistic disciplines and humanistic disciplines, societal scientific disciplines, maths and scientific discipline and vocational ) were identified to stand for the wide scope of undergraduates. Vocational classs included jurisprudence, accounting, concern surveies and athleticss and leisure direction. The overall response rate is 82 % 2. The sample was selected after a re-analysis of all available and historical statistics associating to teacher supply and keeping in England and Wales, and of the one-year UCAS nose count informations ( farther inside informations in See et al. 2004 ) . A self-administered questionnaire study was used to place the of import factors act uponing people ‘s determinations to travel into learning. The instrument was designed and piloted following a series of preliminary interviews ( e-mail and concentrate group ) with possible and trainee instructors. It gathered pupils ‘ retrospective life histories, and their reported calling determinations, programs and motives, puting the latter within the context of their longer-term educational and career flight. Logistic arrested development analysis with forward stepwise entry of forecaster variables was used to predict/explain the person ‘s purpose to be a instructor or non ( dichotomous ) utilizing all background variables, factors act uponing their calling pick and their perceptual experiences to learning as likely forecasters. The theoretical account is ‘hierarchical ‘ , come ining explanatory variables into the theoretical account in life order from birth ( e.g. household background ) through initial instruction ( e.g. where lived at age 16 ) to the present ( e.g. capable studied at university ) . In this manner, each measure can merely work with the discrepancy left unexplained from old stairss. The concluding measure adds variables for consciousness of fiscal inducements and other recent policies to promote teacher enlisting. Cross-tabulation processs were besides used to show the relationship between these forecaster variables and persons ‘ calling determination. Because of the big sample size ( Pallant, 2001 ) and because the population was non a random sample, a trial of significance would non be relevant here ( Gorard, 2003 ) . Therefore, the ‘effect ‘ size was used to standardize differences between groups ( Coe, 2002 ) . Findingss This subdivision is divided into three parts. The first portion examines the influence of demographic features on an person ‘s determination to learn. The 2nd portion looks at the influence of calling pick factors, such as the values people attached to a occupation and their perceptual experiences of learning. The 3rd portion analyses the influence of ITT ( initial teacher developing ) enlisting fiscal inducements on calling pick. The respondents were classified into three groups based on their responses to the inquiry on their calling determination: Those who have considered instruction and wanted to be instructors besides known as confirmed instructors ( 30 % , N= 550 ) Those who have earnestly considered but decided non to learn, or fringy instructors ( 34 % , N= 621 ) Those who have ne’er realistically considered instruction and would non desire to learn, or non-teachers ( 37 % , N= 674 ) Background features and determination to travel into learning The three groups mean that the arrested development analysis is polynomial. For simpleness of presentation, I consider here merely some of the possible comparings, concentrating on the differences between confirmed instructors and others. The analysis was robust in uncovering that the background features that explain most of the differences between groups were an person ‘s sex, ethnicity, academic accomplishments and parental background ( Table 1 ) . The coefficients in the tabular array give an indicant of how likely person is to be a instructor or non-teacher. For illustration, a male is, ceteris paribus, merely 10 % every bit likely as a female to be a confirmed instructor instead than a non-teacher, and those who described themselves as White are about twice ( 1.8 times ) every bit likely as colored to be instructors than non-teachers. Table 1 – Background features differences between instructors and others Background features Coefficients Sexual activity i‚ · Male i‚ · Female A 0.1 – Ethnicity i‚ · White i‚ · Colored A 1.8 – Mothers ‘ makings i‚ · No making i‚ · O-level i‚ · A-level i‚ · Degree and higher, i‚ · Do n’t cognize amp ; no response A 1.4 1.2 0.8 0.8 – Entry making i‚ · A-level i‚ · A-level and vocational i‚ · Access i‚ · Unclassifiable A 1.6 0.8 0.9 – Degree consequence i‚ · 2:1 and above i‚ · 2:2 and below i‚ · Do n’t cognize and no response A 2.0 3.9 – Those whose female parents have an A-level and tantamount or higher making are less likely ( 0.8 ) to go instructors than those whose female parent ‘s makings are unknown. In general, those with less educated parents are more likely to take learning as a calling. Those with or anticipating a grade graded at 2:2 or below are more likely to go instructors than those with a 2:1 or above, and those for whom no grade consequence is known. While a grade is now about a demand for instructor position, it is by and large the least qualified of those eligible who are most likely to be instructors. Analysis by demographic features shows that pupils ‘ determination to learn or non was besides found to be related to their topic of survey at university. For illustration, societal scientific discipline pupils were two and a half times more likely than those making scientific discipline and maths to take learning as a calling. Vocational pupils in classs other than instruction were, unsurprisingly, the least likely to hold considered instruction. This determination is consistent with that of the Institute for Employment Studies, which found that those in fiscal topics, economic sciences, scientific discipline or jurisprudence had a lower leaning to come in learning ( House of Commons, 1997, Appendix 5 ) . Career pick factors and the determination to travel into learning Careers pick factors refer to those features people look for in a occupation, and their perceptual experiences of learning as a calling. These are withheld from the theoretical account above because they are a current snapshot instead than a dependable retrospective history, and because the causal theoretical account associating pick factors and revealed pick is ill-defined. The logistic arrested development analysis shows that we can predict/explain with 90 % truth who are likely to be instructors instead than non-teachers than a non-teacher once these factors are included in the theoretical account. Table 2 shows the calling pick factors that explained differences between groups. The factors are listed in falling order get downing from the one which explains the most difference between confirmed instructors and non-teachers. These factors are the opportunity to portion cognition, occupation satisfaction, length of vacations and the opportunity to go on in the topic of involvement. The coefficient for ‘chance to portion cognition ‘ agencies that those who indicate that the opportunity to portion cognition as rather of import are 3.4 times more likely to be instructors than those who did non believe it is of import. Similarly those who indicate opportunity of portion cognition as really of import are 3.42 ( 11.6 times ) more likely to be instructors than those who think it is non. Table 2 – Choice factor differences between instructors and others Factors act uponing calling pick coefficients Opportunity to portion cognition 3.4 Job satisfaction 3.1 Length of vacations 2.3 Opportunity to go on involvement in ain topic 2.3 Job security 1.8 Salary 0.6 Working conditions 0.5 Status of occupation 0.5 Promotion chances 0.5 Intellectual stimulation. 0.4 Note: these pick factors were rated in importance on graduated table from 1 to 3 ( most of import ) Table 2 shows that confirmed instructors differed from non-teachers in the values they attached to a occupation. While confirmed instructors were more likely to describe being motivated by intrinsic factors, such as occupation satisfaction, the desire to portion cognition and to go on involvement in their capable, non-teachers were more likely to value extrinsic factors like salary, publicity chances, occupation position, good working conditions and rational stimulation. Other factors actuating confirmed instructors included occupation security and the length of vacations. These differences suggest that fiscal inducements, if decently applied, might hold persuaded non-teachers to see learning as a calling. Of class, there is besides a danger for those already on vocational classs of rationalizing their pick station hoc. Analysis by capable groups indicates that societal scientific discipline pupils and instructor trainees were more likely to see intrinsic factors as really of import compared to maths and scientific discipline and ‘other ‘ vocational pupils. Females were besides more likely than males to see these factors as really of import. There was no difference between white and colored. Mathematicss and scientific discipline and vocational pupils, on the other manus, were more likely than teacher trainees and societal scientific discipline pupils to see extrinsic motives, such as occupation position and public perceptual experience of occupation and salary as really of import. This, possibly, explains why pupils from some topic groups were less likely to desire to learn. This is consistent with Smithers and Hill ‘s ( 1989 ) survey which found that mathematics and scientific discipline pupils were less likely to see such intrinsic motive as of import in their calling determinat ion. They were besides more likely to comprehend instruction as offering intrinsic wagess and person-oriented satisfaction than extrinsic wages. Assorted scientific discipline and humanistic disciplines pupils, on the other manus, were more likely to be people-oriented, and therefore more likely to be attracted to learning. The three of import perceptual experiences of learning that explained most of the differences between instructors and non-teachers were occupation satisfaction, instructors ‘ work load and calling chances ( Table 3 ) . Those who perceived learning as honoring were 4.5 times every bit likely as those who did non cognize or did non reply, and 4.52 ( 20 times ) every bit likely as those who disagree to be confirmed instructors. Therefore, we might reason that learning appealed to corroborate instructors because they believed that learning could offer them the values they looked for in a occupation. For illustration, confirmed instructors were more likely to comprehend instruction as a honoring calling than their non-teacher opposite numbers. They tended to hold a more positive perceptual experience of learning. They were more likely to comprehend instruction as offering occupation security, good calling chances and publicity chances. They were besides more likely to hold that lear ning offers the rational stimulation they looked for in a occupation. There is a danger of an component of tautology crawling into the theoretical account here. However, the same form besides appears when the theoretical account is run with merely that sub-sample who have yet to do a pick. Table 3 – Percepts of learning which explain differences in calling pick Factors act uponing calling pick Coefficients Teaching is honoring 4.5 Teachers ‘ work load is heavy 3.5 Teaching has good calling chances 2.4 Teaching offers greater occupation security 1.6 Teaching allows usage of academic cognition 1.5 Teachers are underpaid 1.5 Better chances for publicity in learning today 1.5 Teaching is lifestyle pick 1.4 Teaching is no longer a 9-5 occupation 1.3 Teachers ‘ wages are comparable 0.8 Teaching is high position profession 0.6 Teaching does non offer adequate rational stimulation 0.6 Own experience in school gives negative perceptual experience 0.4 Note: these pick factors were rated in degree of understanding on a graduated table from 1 to 3 ( agree ) Teacher trainees and societal scientific discipline pupils were the most likely to hold a positive perceptual experience of instruction, while maths and scientific discipline and ‘other ‘ vocational pupils were the least likely. For illustration, maths and scientific discipline and vocational pupils were more likely than teacher trainees to comprehend instruction as lacking in calling chances and publicity chances, and a dead-end occupation. Mathematicss and scientific discipline pupils were besides more likely than teacher trainees to describe that learning did non offer adequate rational stimulation and stimulation to aspiration. In general, confirmed instructors tended to hold a positive experience of school. Those who had a negative perceptual experience of school as a consequence of their ain experience were less likely to be instructors. Teaching did non appeal to non-teachers because they were less likely to comprehend it as offering them the things they looked for in a occupation. Negative perceptual experiences, nevertheless, did non set off those who were interested in learning. Confirmed instructors were, in fact, more likely than others to hold that instructors ‘ work load was heavy and that instructors were underpaid. However, if negative perceptual experiences of learning involved affairs that were of import to persons ‘ calling determinations, these could be a barrier. For illustration, non-teachers were more likely to rate calling chances and publicity chances as really of import in their calling pick, but were less likely to believe that learning can offer these. A bulk of pupils agreed that instructors ‘ were underpaid and merely 35 % saw instruction as a high position occupation, but non-teachers were more likely to rate these factors as really of import in the calling pick. This suggests that negative perceptual experience of instructors ‘ wage and their occupation position might non set off those who were committed to learn ing but might be a hindrance to those who did non wish to learn. Fiscal inducements and the determination to learn Students were asked about their consciousness of, and the importance of, fiscal inducements for learning when make up one’s minding upon a calling. When their responses were entered into the logistic theoretical account, the truth of foretelling who were likely to be instructors and non-teachers increased from 90 % to 94 % , while that for confirmed and fringy instructors increased from 80 % to 81 % . This shows that fiscal inducements did non dramatically change single calling programs, although they did do it easier for those who wanted to learn to travel into learning. As determiners of calling pick fiscal inducements were non every bit of import as the values people attached to a occupation and their perceptual experiences of learning. They did non look to hold much influence in carrying non-teachers into learning. These are people who have already made up their heads about their calling waies and would non be likely to be persuaded otherwise. Those who reported that they were most likely to be persuaded by these inducements were fringy instructors ( Table 4 ) . Table 4 – Reported influence of fiscal inducements A Career determinations A Confirmed instructor ( n= 550 ) % Marginal instructor ( n=621 ) % Non-teacher ( n=674 ) % Offer of preparation wages 78 78 36 Promise of deficit capable bursaries 40 54 24 Exemption of fees 75 76 36 ‘Golden handlock ‘ trade 32 60 33 The two inducements that were probably to act upon people ‘s calling pick were the offer of preparation wages and the freedom from fees ( Table 4 ) . Deficit capable bursaries appeared to be the least effectual ( because they apply merely to a subset of instances ) . Deficit capable bursaries and freedom of fees besides did non look to be effectual in carrying maths and scientific discipline pupils. Mathematicss and scientific discipline pupils were the most likely to be influenced by the ‘golden handlock ‘ trade compared to pupils in other capable groups, and least likely to be influenced by the offer of preparation grants. Male and female pupils did non look to demo any difference in their responses to these fiscal inducements. Exemption of fees appeared to be the most effectual in act uponing the calling determinations of colored pupils. These findings have ( sometimes negative ) deductions for policies to increase ITT enlisting of cultural minorities and those in shortage topics. Training grants and deficit capable bursaries were the two inducements most widely known among pupils and proved to be most influential in acquiring those who were interested in learning take up teacher preparation. It was effectual in pulling those who were already interested in learning, but non those analyzing shortage topics at university. Training wages made it easier for some to give up their occupation, but surely did non move as a ‘carrot ‘ to those who had non considered learning. Many had applied for class entry before the strategies were announced, while others would hold gone into developing anyhow, though much later, after they have saved up plenty. This point was clearly illustrated by PGCE pupils in the focal point group interviews. English PGCE pupils: Anna: A I umm.. I mean the thing is because I applied truly early on the class truly truly truly on and I knew that I wanted to make it, and I ‘d already taken a twelvemonth to work to seek to salvage some money up and so really it ‘s a surprise when the preparation wages were announced. Michelle: A Like me I applied before the wage was introduced. I am like Anna, I applied to make the class and, and was accepted on the class before the preparation wage was announced so it was a nice surprise – and precisely the same I did n’t wholly expect how much it likely would be to make it, and I ‘m populating at place. I mean I ‘m really non even paying rent but I ‘m driving a auto everyday and you know, so the small disbursal I did n’t even expect before. Nina: A I think because I sort of applied late on and I had n’t truly thought about developing wage did n’t truly you know have n’t been maintaining up with that so I was n’t certain, but I guess I merely knew that because it ‘s what I truly wanted to make that I would hold the support of my parents I guess so I knew that I ‘d be able to fight through this with my parents. Just being in that lucky state of affairs and you knowaˆÂ ¦ Hannah: I had the promise of that support from my Dendranthema grandifloruom and pa every bit good which, which because I did n’t cognize when I was traveling to acquire this preparation wage because I live in the Isle of Man and they have different regulations and everything, but I was merely so alleviated when I didaˆÂ ¦ Jemma: A I would hold merely done it a batch subsequently. I would hold done it like 10 old ages down the line if they have n’t offered the wage. Nicola: A I would hold done it subsequently every bit good ( Jemma, and Edward would hold done it subsequently every bit good ) A PGCE history pupils A A Dent: I suppose the inquiry to inquire about our motive is which of us was motivated by the 6,000 grant. I personally was n’t. Antony: I was n’t because I applied before. Dent: In retrospect, the same I did n’t gain when I applied because I want to learn, but now cognizing how much it costaˆÂ ¦ . Tom: Lapp here Andy: I applied before. It did n’t pull me, I merely come in beforeaˆÂ ¦ Queen city: I likely would possibly hold waited for two or three old ages until my kids are older and I would n’t necessitate to pay child care. A PGCE maths pupils besides applied before the policy came into topographic point and for some it did do it easier for them take up preparation. A Marnie: I applied before. Toby: So do I. ( There was general understanding – pupils nodding their caputs ) Fran: I was traveling to use about 3 or 4 old ages ago. I really got the application signifier, decided where I was traveling to use to and I was gaining about 14,000 lbs at that clip, non a immense sum of money but so the grant that I would hold got for making the PGCE was 1,000 lbs and I thought that was stupid I ‘m traveling to run into so much debt, what ‘s the point, you know, I ‘ll set it off and I ‘ll seek something else, so I tried another twosome of occupations umm, and so when I decided that I was traveling to reapply decidedly at the clip they said you ‘d acquire two and a half thousand lbs and so when they say you ‘ll acquire 6 thousand lbs it all coincided with me using, I said great truly good, truly good. Interviewer: So you ‘ve already made the determination even before these policies came into being, but that policy did assist you. Fran and Catherine: Oh yeah. Lack of promotion sing these inducements seemed to be an issue. Some remarks made by pupils in their questionnaire returns with respects to these inducements included: Throughout my degree class, no one really came to carry us to travel into instruction. 3rd twelvemonth Law pupil I am interested in learning but non certain how to acquire into it, whether my jurisprudence grade is adequate, and what sort of makings I would necessitate. ‘ 3rd twelvemonth Law pupil There should be more promotion if the inducements were to be effectual. Many of us have non heard of these inducements at all. We are non cognizant of their being. 2nd twelvemonth Language A ; Communication pupil I have considered instruction in the secondary sector but still undecided whether to travel into learning or non. The ground for my indecisiveness is the deficiency of information available. I do n’t hold any hint of what to make. 2nd twelvemonth Accountancy pupil Had no information about instruction, instead acquire a occupation. Have non been given any information sing being instructor. Decision This survey reminds us that simply presenting fiscal inducements to enroll instructors is non plenty. Individual determinations to learn depend, to a big extent, on the values attached to a occupation and perceptual experiences of learning. My findings reveal that there are cardinal differences between non-teachers and confirmed instructors as to what they look for in a occupation and in their perceptual experiences of learning. This survey and that of Smithers and Hill ( 1989 ) revealed that those who had non considered learning were more likely to comprehend it as offering intrinsic wagess and person-oriented satisfaction but were more likely to be motivated by extrinsic wagess. On the other manus, those who go into learning were non likely to remain on unless their experiences with pupils and the school, in general, are honoring. Clear lessons emerge, non merely for policymakers, but besides principals and school decision makers. Teaching must be seen as an attractive and financia lly rewarding calling. At present, policy is excessively much focused on instructor preparation and the inducements and barriers to that, and the move from developing to post. If these consequences are to be believed, so work to heighten the position and professional prestigiousness of instructors in ulterior calling will be merely as of import, long-run, in pulling high-quality pupils to the profession. How to cite Selecting Teaching As A Career Education Essay, Essay examples

New Media and Public Relation-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: The Changing Nature of the Media as it relates to Public Relations? What Opportunities and threat from a PR perspective. key errors in Crisis management? Outline Crisis Management Strategy. Answer: To expand to new markets today businesses have to adopt a wide variety of strategies so as to maintain their public relations and customer confidence. New markets bring along a new set of challenges which the businesses needs to understand before developing any marketing strategies. This has seen businesses and organizations adopting modern forms of communication such as social and mass media communication which has helps build popularity as communication platforms(Duh, 2007). These have helped build brand reputation but also helped the businesses secure important information, data and trends linked to consumer interests and preferences linked to different brands and their products. This data has that been used to help businesses develop effective public relations strategies which have been used to develop market entry plans and improve the businesses success rate. Bonjour Motels have also had to consider adopting a similar strategy whereby the business has had to consider evaluating and understanding customer needs and preferences before expanding to the new market. With the business already established in Europe, USA, and the UK it now plans to expand its operations to Asia which offers a huge and attractive market in the future. But unlike European and American markets, the consumers in Asia are very different and will consider many different aspects before selecting and budget hotel(GOODMAN, 2009). This makes it important for the Bonjour Motels to first perform an in-depth public relations research report which will highlight important points linked to the consumer preferences and expectation. This data can then be utilized to develop effective approaches and plans which can be used by the businesses before expanding its operations to the Asian market. Every new venture of business expansion attracts several risks and its important for the businesses to evaluate the risks and develop effective crisis management plans which can be used in case a risk is encountered(L'Etang, 2007). Preparedness plays a huge role towards the businesses success thus its critical for the public relations report to also consider aspects linked to the publics preferences in the target market. Aspects which could affect the businesses performance before and after entering the market must also be highlighted and solutions identified. Factors such as religion, customs, and social stature all need to be evaluated while also keeping in mind the consumer spending power and willingness to spend on hotels. Emerging Asian economies may be classified as being the most attractive markets for businesses like Bonjour Motels to enter but the consumer in these market are also classified as being the amount the most difficult to please and satisfy. This is due to intense competition in the markets whereby brands have been forced to offer the very best quality at the lowest rates to retain customer confidence(Hyman, 2004). With a high number of competitors in the market, the Bonjour Motels will have to invest in delivering the very best services at the most competitive prices to keep customers happy. Asian consumers are among the most tech savvy consumers globally and will not hesitate to participate in brand and product reviews which play a huge role in a brands reputation(Singh, 2016). Bonjour Motels public relations officers will therefore also need to monitor and manage the brand's reputations on the internet, social media and other mass media platforms which pose a constant threat of defacing businesses if not managed appropriately. Bibliography Duh, S. C. (2007). New Media and Public Relations. New York: Peter Lang. GOODMAN, J. A. (2009). Strategic Customer Service: Managing the Customer Experience to Increase Positive Word of Mouth, Build Loyalty, and Maximize Profits. New York: AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Hyman, W. A. (2004). Guide for Customer-driven Benchmarking of Maintenance Activities, Issue 511. Transportation Research Board. L'Etang, J. (2007). Public Relations: Concepts, Practice and Critique. SAGE. Singh, A. (2016). Managing Public Relations and Brand Image through Social Media. IGI Global

How does Fitzgerald tell the story in Chapter 5 of “Great Gatsby” Essay Essay Example

How does Fitzgerald tell the story in Chapter 5 of â€Å"Great Gatsby†? Essay Paper During chapter 5 Gatsby is reunited with Daisy and it becomes clear to the reader that Gatsby’s emotional frame is out of sync with the transition of clip as the novel explores the coming of love of the yesteryear into the present. The chapter starts with the return of Nick from his day of the month with Jordan whose relationship seems really impersonal and surface deep compared and contrasted to the passionate and carry throughing relationship of that of Gatsby and Daisy that is addressed and unpicked during chapter 5. Nick describes Jordan to hold a ‘disembodied face’ and a ‘wan. scornful mouth’ which give her a shade like quality proposing a transparent and empty affair. Nick returns place to happen Gatsby’s house all lit up ‘from tower to cellar’ and believes Gatsby is holding another excessive party. Nick walks over to look into and on his manner is startled by Gatsby. Nick invites Gatsby to hold tea with himself and Daisy the ‘day after tomorrow’ . at this Gatsby becomes really alarmed and nervous about run intoing Daisy. This brings to light Gatsby’s feelings towards Daisy and the topic becomes a sensitive one ; this foreshadows their romantic connexion subsequently on in the chapter. When Gatsby foremost meets Daisy he is have oning a ‘silver shirt and gold coloured tie’ the colors Ag and gold are closely related to wealth and this illustrates how eager he is to demo Daisy how affluent he is now. We will write a custom essay sample on How does Fitzgerald tell the story in Chapter 5 of â€Å"Great Gatsby†? Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on How does Fitzgerald tell the story in Chapter 5 of â€Å"Great Gatsby†? Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on How does Fitzgerald tell the story in Chapter 5 of â€Å"Great Gatsby†? Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However the coloring material gold could be used by Fitzgerald to demo that Gatsby is corrupt. because the coloring material yellow symbolises corruptness. Fitzgerald uses hapless false belief as rain appears when Gatsby and Daisy meet for the first clip which ominously foreshadows their relationship and Gatsby’s destiny. When Daisy eventually meets Gatsby. Fitzgerald creates an awkward tenseness between the two. Fitzgerald uses silences such as ‘for half a minute at that place wasn’t a sound’ and ‘a pause’ which was ‘endured horribly’ to make a hard and detached atmosphere. Conversation between Daisy and Gatsby does non flux easy and is filled with ‘chocking murmurs’ . ‘abortive effort at a laughs’ and snippings of little talk. Gatsby so about knocks over a ‘defunct mantle piece clock’ in his agitated and jittery manor – ‘†¦the clock took this minute to lean dangerously†¦whereupon he turned and caught it with trembling fingers and set it back in place’ . This represents Gatsby’s vain and gawky effort to halt the transition of clip in order to recover the yesteryear. As the clock is a defunct’ one it does non work and has stopped at one minute in clip ; merely as Gatsby’s life has stopped. The fact that the clock is ‘defunct’ suggests that Gatsby is stuck in the yesteryear. and is deluded because he believes that his and Daisy’s relationship will be a successful 1. Fitzgerald uses merely two scenes for chapter five in order to pull a line between the alteration of scene and the relationship between Gatsby and Daisy. At the start of the chapter. Nick. Daisy and Gatsby are gathered in Nick’s house ; the relationship between Daisy and Gatsby seems slightly awkward and both characters seem highly nervous to be reunited once more: ‘I heard a kind of choking mutter and portion of a laugh’ . This quotation mark proves the state of affairs was so nerve single-footing to Gatsby that he had to laugh to do the ambiance experience less intense. However. when Gatsby invites Nick and Daisy over to his house his relationship with Daisy has improved and became far more relaxed. even to the point of holding a friend play the piano to affect Daisy and to maintain developing their relationship. Fitzgerald tells the narrative in chapter five through the portraiture of society and its mercenary mentality in the 1920’s. Gatsby feels more at easiness in his ain place because he is surrounded by luxuries that impress Daisy. ‘shirts with chevrons and coils and tartan in coral and apple v iridity and lavender and swoon orange with monograms of Indian blue’ . The repeat of ‘and’ implies that Gatsby has a great trade of shirts. Fitzgerald is utilizing the technique of vowel rhyme to drag out the sentence doing it experience like the list is traveling on and on hence making an visual aspect of Gatsby holding a colossal sum of ownerships. It besides indicates that for Gatsby to acquire Daisy back. he needs to ‘woo’ her utilizing his wealth ; the usage of these alien colors implies that he has been to many topographic points reflecting his experiences. Furthermore. he is seeking to expose his wealth through his sum of mulct. expensive shirts to demo Daisy he has wholly transformed from the adult male he was before and can offer her all that Tom can. Fitzgerald is proposing that now Gatsby is really affluent. Gatsby believes that he and Daisy are equal – relating to the subject of old and new money. The sight of all these excessive shirts brings cryings to Daisy’s eyes because she realises that this is the life she missed out on. the life she could hold had with Gatsby. However it could be argued that she begins to shout because money is all that is of import to her. Therefore the shirt scene is important in how it portrays Daisy’s shallow character and howshe loves a adult male for his wealth. Daisy is more representative of people during the effete universe of the Jazz Age. Fitzgerald concludes the chapter is with Nick being the one alone. which is a alteration of state of affairs as it is normally Gatsby isolated from company. Nick seems about covetous of the relationship Gatsby and Daisy have. This is shown by the long sentence length used by Nick depicting Gatsby and Daisy in the concluding phases of the chapter where they have fallen for each other. Nick utilizations long sentences such as ‘They had forgotten me but Daisy glanced up and held out her manus ; Gatsby didn’t cognize me now at all’ this shows Nicks green-eyed monster of their relationship and the sentence is broken down into three parts to demo how each character is experiencing. Nick feels forgotten. Daisy feels she needs person by keeping out her manus and Gatsby is shown to be frantically in love by non admiting Nick and fixating on Daisy. Chapter 5 is presented as the turning point within the novel when Gatsby and Daisy reunite and where the green visible radiation by the deck is non a dream any longer because Daisy is with Gatsby.

Censorship in music essays

Censorship in music essays In Eduard Hanslicks book On the Beautiful in Music, the chapter titled Music and Nature argues that music is not a part of nature, but rather a man made art form. Hanslick believes that all aspects of music are created in the human mind and are not a part of nature. Hanslick suggests that music has fundamental 'building blocks', which cannot be found in nature. He (Hanslick) believes that the sounds in nature are not musical they are just natural sounds. He goes on to say that mankind heard these sounds and attempted to duplicate them, which is how mankind got the first musical notes. To be music it must poses melody and harmony, which is tones, not just sounds. The two main 'building blocks', melody and harmony, cannot be found in nature; " Melody is not to be met with in nature, even in its most rudimentary form"(p105). Hanslick suggests that these 'building blocks' of music are created in the human mind rather than in some aspect of nature. Hanslick believed that the third 'building block', rhythm, even though it can be found in nature, is not the same type of rhythm that music possess. He feels that musical rhythm is dependant on harmony and melody, whereas natural rhythm just occurs and is dependant on nothing, " But the point in whi ch natural rhythm differs from human music is obvious: in music there is no independent rhythm; it occurs only in connection with melody and harmony expressed in rhythmical order" (p106). Hanslick felt that music was different from all other forms of art in the respect that music could not be associated with nature. He states that unlike art, music was unable to take anything from nature. An artist could perhaps look at something beautiful and paint it, whereas a musician must create something in his mind. Hanslick states (p112) " There is nothing beautiful in nature as far as music is concerned", meaning that there is no aspect of nature in which one could arrive at beautiful music. " ...

Femicide, the deliberate killing of females Speech or Presentation

Femicide, the deliberate killing of females - Speech or Presentation Example The researcher states that beside misogyny, there can be other motives for the killing of females which include pleasure, anger, revenge, malice, jealousy, arguments, separation, sexual assault, robbery, and the exuberant feeling of finally being dominant and triumphant over a female. In terms of the perpetrator, it could be any male such as the father, the husband, a boyfriend, a close friend, an acquaintance, a brother, a lover, or even a complete stranger. In almost all cases, there is a gender-related issue behind the killing and usually accompanied by a victim-perpetrator type of relationship and a prior history of either verbal, psychological, or physical violence. This is a gender-selective violence that often includes the rape, torture, and mutilation of victims. Femicide can be viewed within the larger context of the gender wars as manifestation of a stringent form of anti-feminism, designed to terrorize women into submission. It is also a part of the larger cultural context where women are expected to be pure, submissive, always ready to obey the wishes of the men, and especially in the Chicano culture, to adhere to three Marias concept and avoid being labeled into the third Maria category. What is happening at the Ciudad Juarez in Mexico is a very visible form of this bias against the female gender. As stated earlier in the previous page, there are many motivations in femicide. In the global context where religious and social norms can take a jaundiced view of female killings such as honor killings in many under-developed countries, a female who committed a sin that is seen to dishonor the family can redeem such honor by becoming the ultimate sacrifice. The male family members will even do the actual killing or consent to it if perpetrated by another person, as family honor is the paramount consideration only and not suffer from shame. The problem of femicide is a global phenomenon, although world attentions is much focused on what is presently happening in Ciudad Juarez due to the activists and feminists. It forms a part of the larger problem of human rights violations, and in particular, the violations of women's rights and the curtailment of those rights by whatever means necessary. Femicide can be seen as social prejudice against females, going back to antiquity when monarchies are passed down from generation to the next generation by primogeniture, or right of a first male offspring to inherit the kingdom through the divine right to rule. This bias also manifests in a lot of modern institutions, where previously only males were qualified and accepted, such as the military organizations in prior years which barred all women from combat roles or assuming command positions. The Catholic Church is example of this gender discrimination, not allowing women priests to be ordained and serve. India and China both have a strong cultural

Psychology can help us understand ourselves and others. Discuss with Essay

Psychology can help us understand ourselves and others. Discuss with reference to two of four main topics. a] personality, b] Intelligence, c] emotions, d] cognition - Essay Example Cognition is the process or act of knowing and able to make some judgment about it. It is very broad which include a complicated mental process encompassing functions like perception, memory, learning, and problem solving. Cognition includes more than few elements or processes which all work to describe the manner by which knowledge is built up and also how judgments of people are made. The elements related to these processes are: perceiving, recognizing, reasoning, problem solving, conceptualizing, learning, memory, and language (Scienceclarified, 2008). The individual’s ability to comprehend or the cognition ability is necessary for a scientific understanding what human behavior is all about. According to the investigations of various experts, mental processes like association, recall process, and understanding about language are based on the physical relations or interactions of people with their environment, instead of the body which supports the mind; it is basically viewing the body as a support system for a mind. Cognitive structures advance from perception and action like a software (Turing, 1950) which can run on different hardware systems. Human mind can manipulate abstract symbols based on the interactions of people around via his sensory organs as well as greatly coordinated effectors. Wilson (2002) has six various claims about cognition: 1) cognition is situated; 2) cognition is time pressured; 3) cognition is off-loaded onto the environment; 4) the environment is a component of the cognitive system; 5) cognition is for action; 6) an offline cognition is body based. He further emphasized that, sensorimotor functions which evolved for action as well as perception have been preferred for the application of offline cognition. Therefore, it is logical to say that, cognition is based on the functions of human body and interdependent with the environment. Some current experiments have demonstrated that perceptual as well as motor

Tissue engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tissue engineering - Essay Example ed to traditional methods as it solves twin problems of donor scarcity and the risks of tissue transplant rejection including transmission of diseases (Gomes & Reis, 2004, p. 738). Tissue engineering is a relatively new field of research and there is a paucity of certain academic scientific materials and research studies. It is expected this new field will have a big impact on the provision of health care in the coming years when more complex bio-materials are needed for functional tissues like bones, cartilage or large bone segments (ibid.) and even complex organs. Stem cell research has been very useful so far but there are so many ethical and other moral issues involved which has stymied large-scale efforts in this direction. Tissue engineering has no such ethical considerations as it does not involve embryonic stem cells. This new process holds much promise from the medical and economic standpoints as it skirts moral issues while potentially offering much lower costs to the patients. As example, the world market for bone grafts shows 50% are from autologous grafts while only 10% are from synthetic bio-materials thereby indicating substantial room for growth in terms of unmet market need. This entirely different approach intends to help diseased, defective or lost tissues to regenerate themselves or develop biologically-acceptable substitutes using homogeneous or heterogeneous cells. The new technique is alternatively called as regenerative medicine or as re-constructive medicine using either autogeneic cells or foreign cells. In the course of conducting research, medical scientists accidentally found out statins are very helpful in the formation of bone tissues. This coincidental or accidental discovery is very much reminiscent of the way Viagra (sildenafil citrate) was discovered to be helpful in curing ED while in the course of conducting research for finding a cure of many heart-related ailments like pulmonary arterial hypertension, angina pectoris and

The Effect Of Technology In Current Architecture Cultural Studies Essay

The Effect Of Technology In Current Architecture Cultural Studies Essay Technology opens the door to the future. It is one of the main essence that shape and changes the way society behaves, as well as trancends the surrounding to suits the way society lives. Nowadays, the effect of new technology has reached almost every level of the society, and one of it is modern building technology. It has great implication in the creation of space in architecture and interior design. Since the early days, architecture has been one of the most important needs of man. It is a space to live and work, an environment to interact and provoke emotions, as well as a realm where experiences and memories are created. This feelings and emotions are evoked by the form and shape, the arrangement of forms and by the relationships that the space draws with the surroundings. It affects every part of human senses. As technology developed, the meaning of architecture started to adapt with it. Formerly, with conventional building technology, the shape and form of architecture that could be achieved is only a simple and pure form. It leads to a trend of homogeneous building, which makes every architecture looks similiar. Within this limitation, architects and designers became more sensitive and focus on crafting experiences in a space. These experiences then become memories that will be remembered by the visitor and elements that differentiate one building from another. As this continues, buildings visual aesthetic is slowly decreasing. Currently, with the creation and development of building technology, the inventions of cutting-edge and futuristic looking forms and shapes are possibble. New materials and structures are created and evolved everywhere. These advancements have made architects become so attached with visual appearance. Meanings that majority of them concentrate on using technology in order to discover new forms and shapes for architecture in order to reflects the idea for which it was designed. The design of the buildings that focused on visual aesthethic has led to a trend of creating a form that looks good rather than a space that feels good. With this trend continues, it seems that the role of visual sense has being privileged when compared to other human senses. The impact of this trend causes the design of the current architecture being reduced and restricted into the visual experience. With the absence of other senses, the strength of interaction that affect our bodies with a space is being diminished. This indicates that the tendency of architecture of image rather than architecture of experience is increasing. The products of architecture of image will only offer visual consumption which wont create lasting impressions that all the architects strive for. It will only become a nice looking postcard of visually striking building. Hence, the essay aims to prove that the current use of technology in architecture is only being used to achieve visual aesthetics and has decreased the value of architecture. The essay will also argue that technology to achieve powerful form has to be able to grow hand in hand with other human senses in order to create valuable experience and memory in a space . Only then, the value of architecture can be pushed to a full potential. Architecture of Experience rather than Visual Instead of experiencing our being in the world, we behold it from outside as spectators of images projected on the surface of the retina. Pallasmaa, J, 2005, p.47 Before we can move forward to the main issue, to question the effect of technology towards current architecture, it is important to look and understand briefly what is the nature and value of architecture since the early days it was created. Through out the history, despite of a large number of definition have been proposed by numerous architects, the answer to this have never came to a conclusion. Maybe it is because there are diverse ways to formulate an answer to this. One of the vast definitions of architecture maybe can be found in dictionaries, which means design of a building. It seems that this definition leads to a diminishing understanding that building is just an object. Some even make comparison of architecture with other form of arts which is sculpture. For instance, Santiago Calatrava, a world-renowned spanish architects that combined sculpture and painting with architecture. He is claimed as a building sculpturor and had an exhibition world-wide about his works. So is architecture an application of aesthetics consideration to the form of buildings? Or an Santiago Calatrava: Sculpture into Architecture, The Metropolitan Museum of Art art of making buildings beautiful? This idea of definition seems to have miss a central core of the nature and value of architecture. Previously, in the prehistoric time where architecture is not even born yet, human lives in a nomadic way. They move from one place to another. When night comes, they stop and light a fire to warm them up. By doing so, they started to define a place. And if they intend to stay there longer, they started to define a place to sleep, a place to shelter them from the rain, a place to collect and store food, a place where they can defend themselves from danger, etc. From their chosen site, experience of their surrounding, until the organization of their place, this leads to an evolution from a place to architecture. Based on that, one can said that the nature and value of architecture is the sense of a place that is created by the experience and organization of the building and surrounding itself. Thus, architecture relates to the way people live, it changes and evolves based on the environments, experiences and needs. As time goes on, places that people used has became more diversed, sophisticated and complexed which made architecture consistently changing as well. Started from the prehistoric era where human dwells in an occasional caves and temporal tents from woods to round houses that made of bricks, and into the stone age. Not only materials that has evolved, functions and tools to build each building have advanced as well. From the early civilizations in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Roman and the East, the development in architecture to create building for different purposes has greatly varied. Egypts Pyramids, Greeks Temples, and Romans Amphitheatres are just few illustrations of various functions that can be found globally. Great Pyramid of Giza, Egypt Built 2560 BC Colosseum, Rome Built 1st Century AD Parthenon Temple, Greece Built 5th Century BC The form, material, tools and function of the architecture evolves because of the resources that is available in the environment. The needs for stronger materials to create shelter and better materials to craft the atmosphere for different functions has made the tool or building technology to advance too. With this different materials and technologies, human are able to generates unique experience which would enriched the physical and psychological sensory in an architecture. In the time where modern building technology is not developed yet, there is a limitation in the creation of architectural form. Architects and engineers are only able to produce a simple and pure form which makes every buildings looks similar. Considering this constraints, the focus of architecture at this time is in the creation of experiences which is the nature and value of architecture since the early days. People lived through experiencing the world with body senses. One sense interact with other senses to be able to let him or her integrates with the surrounding and the world. Architecture is the products of this constant interaction between people with the surrounding and the world. Architecture also provide spaces where people could do their daily activities, experience the surrounding, feel comfortable with it and generate memories through these interactions. The interaction that happens can be either simple or complex. It means that the space within the architecture should be able to generate interaction with at least one or all of the body senses. This is due to, as human we have needs and desires, beliefs and aspirations, as well as aesthetic sensibility that are affected by warmth, touch, odour, sound and visual stimuli. Every interaction that happens will be experience by the body and if the experience through the space is strong enough, it will formulate an impactful memory to the visitors mind. And If this is successful, the lasting impression that every architects strive for will be achieved. That is why architecture should be design with a thought of multi-sensory experience. The Commissioners House of the Royal Naval Dockyard, Bermuda, By Edward Holl, built : 1820sNevertheless, over this time, there is one senses that architects and engineers could not satisfied with. It is the visual aesthetic, which is because of the technology at that time couldnt afford to provide the structure, system and material to create a visually striking form. With the will and the unsatisfactory as the main force that drives architects and designers to overcome this issue. This has led to numerous experiments over the time. Until the 19th century, in the industrial revolution era, when cast iron can be produce in a large numbers and cheaply enough. This is when architects and designers started to become aware of the glorious potential of cast iron used in architecture. One of the first residential project that use cast-iron as the structural framework is The Commissioners House of the Royal Naval Dockyard, Bermuda (Potter, D, 2006). This marks the dawn of Modern building technology. As technology has advanced towards a new level, which is the modern building technology, the nature and value of architecture started to shift and adapt as well. This development has begun to revolutionize architecture into an entirely new direction. With this modern building technology , architects and designers is provided with a new range of materials and tools to achieve and satisfy their hunger of a more advanced form. Previously, the architectural language of each location has their own unique characteristics. This is because of their environment would only be able to produce certain kinds of materials. Due to this, architects and designers tended to use resources that were available and plentiful in their location. Which means that the materiality and tool spoke more to place, to locale, and in a way was more purely defined with the unique representative of that certain location. For instance, the Pyramid in Egypt that is made from stone is entirely different with the Temple i n China which is made from wood. But with modern building technology , transportation of materials from one location to another location has became possible, the ability to mass products have made the cost of construction became lower, and the innovation of new and better material is continually increasing. This development has made architecture become more efficient and effective in every layer, either it is the construction, the time span to complete, the experience that could achieved inside the space or even the form of the architecture. Beginning by looking into the traditional materials that have been used since the prehistoric times, which is the wood. This material could be considered as the forefather of all current materials. Started with the wood, in the early days where prehistoric people used this to build tents as their shelter from the sun and rain. By constructing tree trunks or branches together creating the shape of an inverted V-shape, putting some support to hold it firm on the ground and covered with leaves. This creates the simplest foundation of architecture form. As human evolved so does materials for their shelter. Moving from wood to stone, as a stronger material, the form of the shelter started to develop into tent-like house by stacking different stones together. As humans move on to the times of early civilizations, the needs, desires, and beliefs have been greatly developed too. This leads to the creation of places of worships, sacrifices, monuments, and governments. Based on these, the form of the architecture started to goes vertically higher and bigger. At this time, pillar, column, beam, arch and dome has started to be build to fulfill the functions of the architecture. Then into the middle age, where castles are becoming a common forms of architecture in every part of europe. And as it moves through The Renaissance, Baroque, Neoclassicism and Gothic revival, from 15th century to 18th century, architects and designers feels that every architecture has looked similiar because of the limitation of technology and material. US Capitol Building Washington DC, Built : 1793 Neoclassicism Architecture St Mary Basillica Venice, Built : 1630 Baroque Architecture The Basilica of Saint Peter Rome, Built : 1590 Renaissance Architecture Joseph Paxtons Crystal Palace of the Great Exhibition London, Built : 1851 Until 19th century, when modern building technology is discovered. This technology allowed iron to be used in architecture because it has became relatively cheaper which previously considered as a very expensive material. Irons are architecurally unique because of being relatively lightweight and malleable as well as strong. More over, because of its properties, they are able to used for free-form designs. In this period, glass is also widely used and available. Glass is used for its optimal balance between aesthetics and functions. By using glass, the building are able to change, move and create certain environments because it allows light to transmits in and for architect light is one of the poweful tool in crafting experience in an architecture. One of the architecture that reflects a building of high technology in this period is the Joseph Paxtons Crystal Palace of the Great Exhibition. Built in 1851 in London, this building was made of modular cast iron and glass which symbolize the industrial, technological and economic superiority of the modern building technology. And in 20th century, plastics became widely known and popular as well. It is because plastics are lightweight,resilient, generally resistant to corosion and moisture, and can be molded and formed into complex shapes. And because It is the only man-made material, this allowed it to be developed even more in the future. This opens the door for architects and designers to realize all the crazy ideas that they had in mind. And with this the notion of architecture of image is slowly becoming a trends. With advancement in modern building technology materials and tools to construct a building have greatly expansed. Back then, buildings are limited with height. Mainly it is because of the limitation of materials and tools. This caused architects and designers to think and design horizantally . But with modern building technology, current buildings are able to go higher becoming a skyscraper or go deeper underground, maybe becoming an earthscraper, and not only going vertically, it also allows the buildings to be built diagonally. From geometric to organic form or from masses to pixels, with the current technology everything is possible. Architecture has entered into a realm of visual form which is nothing more or less than the creation of buildings tangible and visible shapes. Beekman Tower, Frank Gehry New York One example of a purely visual architecture is the Beekman Tower in New York by Frank Gehry. It is a curious fusion of public and private zones. What makes the tower so intoxicating is the exterior skin of the buildings which is mad of aluminum foil. The folds evoke rivulets of water, crinkled sheets of melting ice. The effect of this ripples will be heightened by light and shadow dancing across the surfaces over the course of a day. This building is surely a successful design and appealing to one of human senses which is the visual. But for the interior, everything inside the space is dully conventional. The consideration towards other senses inside the space in order to experience the space has being neglected. Another one is the Orchard Central in Singapore by DP Architects. The key design element of this shopping mall according to DP Architects is on the facade of the mall which will be an 11-storey-high faceted membrane which will function as a massive media wall and is set to be an iconic feature at the junction of Orchard and Killiney roads. The idea of this is to add aural and visual vibrancy to the central stretch of Orchard Road. By doing so, the architectural facade of a building is no longer made of solid materials but is, instead, an ever-changing, programmable image. The problem with this is the elimination of other senses and the dependency towards the vision has made the design of Orchard Central, DP Architects Singapore the space unattracted and unable to create a connection with the visitors. Based on both of the case studies above, it is fairly obvious that the privileged of visual senses over other human senses will create a sense of detachment between the architecture and the visitors. This is merely because human experience the world and the surroundings through their senses. The sounds of steps, the light that penetrate through the space, the coldness of the concrete walls, scale and proportion are just few ways of how architecture interact with the visitors. This interaction is then strengtened and articualted through the complex interaction of human senses and will be perceived by the visitors as an experience. With this two-way interaction between visitors and architecture, this will lead to the creation of meaningful memory towards the space. It is true that vision is the first connection between human and the world. Most of us, when we are walking through a space or street, are affected in one way or another by the looks of the buildings that we pass, the positions of the objects and the arrangements inside the space. But in architecture, the reliance in the sphere of vision will only made the building existed merely in a surface level which is as an objects of visual expression such as a postcard. Architecture should be able to interact with every human senses because it is a representation or expression of human minds. And the only way to communicate with the mind is by experiencing the world and surrounding through the senses. That is when architecture has moved on to another level. So, by using the modern technology, not only to grasped the visual aesthetics that has became a trends nowadys, but also to craft the experience that has been the nature and value of architecture since the early days. This will affects the human physically and psychologically and will pushed the architecture to the full potential.

The Power of a Symbol in The Yellow Wallpaper, The Glass Menagerie and

Years ago, Sister Mary Corita Kent, a celebrated artist and educator of the 1960’s and 1970’s stated, â€Å"A painting is a symbol for the universe. Inside it, each piece relates to the other. Each piece is only answerable to the rest of that little world. So, probably in the total universe, there is that kind of total harmony, but we get only little tastes of it† (Lewis "Quotes from Women Artists"). Nowadays, a painting is not the main form of art humans appreciate. In fact, literature of all sorts can be considered a different form of art and often found in literature are symbols. A "symbol" is an object, person or action which represents an abstract idea (Warren â€Å"English 102†). In literature, a symbol or set of symbols can have a wide range of meanings. For example, color is a universal symbol; some may say it is a general symbol for life. However, each color separately can symbolize something different depending on the context. Analyzing five pie ce of literature for symbolism, one will be able to gain a deeper understating of symbols. To begin, the short story by Charlotte Gilman, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† uses the deteriorating wallpaper to represent the narrator’s failing mind. The narrator is suffering and is confined in an uncomfortable house in a room she did not choose; she becomes obsessed with the wallpaper of the room. As the yellow wallpaper represents the narrator’s mind, the statement made by the narrator, â€Å"The color is repellent, almost revolting; a smoldering unclean yellow, strangely faded by the slow-turning sunlight. It is a dull yet lurid orange in some places, a sickly sulphur tint in others† refers to the condition of her mind by suggesting her condition is revolting and unclean. She is fading away in the su... ...at could these five pieces of literature possibly have in common?’ The answer to this question is very simple, these pieces of literature each possess symbolic colors that represent something different. Yellow wallpaper represents a deteriorating mind, a shabby, black box represents a gruesome, sacrificial death, green is the physical representation of power and wealth in society, a mixture of blue and yellow represents the confusion of a clear sky with dead grass and ‘Blue Roses’ and Blue Mountain represent the longing someone feels for something they can never have. Perhaps a paining is not the only symbol for the universe. Perhaps every piece of literature is related to each other in such a way that by reading each piece of literature, one can connect the different symbols an author chooses to use and recognize the complex harmony that binds the literature world.